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In modern usage, dictator
refers to an absolutist or autocratic ruler who governs outside the normal
constitutional rule of law through a continuous state of exception. However
unlike the original Roman dictators, modern dictators do not give themselves
the title "dictator". However, in several modern
republican states, the title has been used officially, usually as an
"extraordinary" officer, e.g. revolutionary or to cope with a
grave national emergency, generally combining the capacities of head of
state ...
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